What is the goal of explanation in research?

The goal of explanation in research is to establish a theory regarding a phenomenon's operation. This involves developing an understanding of the underlying principles and mechanisms that govern the phenomena being studied. By providing explanations, researchers can illuminate the processes and relationships that lead to the observed results. This understanding is essential for advancing knowledge within a field, as it allows for the integration of findings into a broader theoretical framework, enabling further exploration and research.

In contrast, summarizing data findings primarily involves presenting the data in a concise manner, which does not necessarily contribute to theoretical development. Gathering a random sample is crucial for ensuring the sample is representative of the population but is a methodological step rather than a goal of explanation. Predicting future outcomes, while important in certain research contexts, relies on established theories and explanations rather than being the primary intent of explaining phenomena. Thus, establishing a theory provides a deeper insight that is fundamental to the research process.