Which method is characterized by its movement from general theory to specific observations?

The deductive method is characterized by moving from general theory to specific observations. This approach begins with a broad theory or hypothesis and then tests it by examining specific cases or observations to see if they support the initial theory. By starting with established principles or generalizations, the deductive method aims to confirm whether particular instances align with the broader theoretical framework.

In scientific research, the deductive method allows researchers to develop predictions based on theoretical foundations, then gather data to validate or refute those predictions. This systematic approach is crucial for establishing causal relationships and testing the validity of theories, as it emphasizes rigorous methods to assess the principles laid out initially.

On the other hand, the inductive method moves in the opposite direction, focusing on gathering specific observations to formulate broader generalizations or theories. The confirmatory method refers to approaches that are employed to test hypotheses or theories after they have been proposed, rather than moving from general to specific. The qualitative method, meanwhile, is typically more exploratory and does not adhere strictly to the logical structure of theory testing as seen in the deductive approach.